Additionally, we will review the regulatory roles of some molecular mechanisms, such as miRNAs, neurotrophic factors, and neurotrophins.

In this review, we discuss the literature and provide a compressive overview of the known neurogenic zones, traditional zones, and newly described zones. Thus, several open questions regarding new neurogenic niches, as well as this phenomenon in adult humans, their functional relevance, and their mechanisms, remain to be answered. Currently, a debate in the scientific community about new neurogenic areas of the brain, namely, human adult neurogenesis, is ongoing. However, in recent years, more brain niches have been described, once again breaking the current paradigms. Despite several efforts, no other neurogenic zones have been observed in many years the lack of observation is probably due to technical issues. These new neurons possess unique properties that contribute to the local circuitry. This process occurs throughout life in several species, including humans. Neurogenic niches generate new neurons through an asymmetric division process involving several developmental steps. Over the past few decades, the subventricular zone and the hippocampal dentate gyrus have been described as the two main neurogenic niches. The generation of new neurons in the adult brain is a currently accepted phenomenon.

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